Is macOS or Linux better for programming?

Both are excellent. macOS offers the best out-of-box developer experience with Homebrew, native terminal, and iOS development support. Linux gives you more control and mirrors production server environments. Many developers use macOS daily and deploy to Linux servers.

Do programmers need a dedicated GPU?

For most software development, no. A dedicated GPU only matters if you're doing ML/AI training, game development, or GPU-accelerated computing. Web developers, backend engineers, and mobile developers are perfectly served by integrated graphics.

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