What is the ideal fermentation temperature for homebrew?

Ales ferment best at 60-72°F (15-22°C) depending on the yeast strain. Most American ale yeasts perform well at 66-68°F. Lagers require 45-55°F (7-13°C) and need precise temperature control. The single most important rule: maintain a consistent temperature rather than hitting an exact number. Temperature swings of more than 5°F during active fermentation cause off-flavors that no amount of conditioning will fix.

How do I know when fermentation is complete?

Take hydrometer readings on consecutive days. When the specific gravity reading is stable for 3 consecutive days, fermentation is complete. A wireless hydrometer like the Tilt makes this easy — check your phone instead of opening the fermenter. Do not rely on airlock activity alone — airlocks can stop bubbling while fermentation continues, or continue bubbling after fermentation ends due to temperature changes.

Best Homebrew Fermentation Equipment 2026